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1, 2 and 3 Axis Magnetic Sensors HMC1051/HMC1052L/HMC1053
The Honeywell HMC1051Z, HMC1051ZL, HMC1052L and HMC1053 are magnetoresistive sensors designed for low field magnetic sensing. Various packaging options have been created from the basic HMC1052 sensor chip to create 1, 2 and 3-axis magneto-resistive sensors for cost effective and small size solutions. The advantage of the HMC105X family of sensors is in the near-perfectly orthogonal dual sensor on a single chip with shared set/reset and offset coils/straps included. The HMC105X family utilizes Honeywell's Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) technology that provides
advantages over coil based magnetic sensors. They are extremely sensitive, low field, solid-state magnetic sensors designed to measure direction and magnitude of Earth's magnetic fields, from 120 micro-gauss to 6 gauss. Honeywell's Magnetic Sensors are among the most sensitive and reliable low-field sensors in the industry. HMC105X family of sensors include low cost Compassing, Magnetometry, and Current Sensing. Applications for the
Honeywell continues to maintain product excellence and performance by introducing innovative solid-state magnetic sensor solutions. These are highly reliable, top performance products that are delivered when promised. Honeywell's magnetic sensor solutions provide real solutions you can count on.
FEATURES
Miniature Surface-Mount Packages Leaded and Leadless Packages Low Voltage Operations (1.8V) Low Cost Tape & Reel Packaging Options 4-Element Wheatstone Bridge Wide Magnetic Field Range (+/-6 Oe) Patented Offset and Set/Reset Straps
BENEFITS Small Sizes for Compact Applications Compatible with High Speed SMT Assembly and Prototyping Compatible for Battery Powered Applications Designed for High Volume, Cost Effective OEM Designs High Volume OEM Assembly Low Noise Passive Element Design Sensor Can Be Used in Strong Magnetic Field Environments Stray Magnetic Field Compensation
HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
SPECIFICATIONS
Characteristics Bridge Elements Supply Resistance Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Humidity Field Range Linearity Error Vbridge referenced to GND Bridge current = 10mA Ambient Ambient, unbiased Tested at 85C Full scale (FS) - total applied field Best fit straight line 1 gauss 3 gauss 6 gauss 3 sweeps across 3 gauss 3 sweeps across 3 gauss Offset = (OUT+) - (OUT-) Field = 0 gauss after Set pulse Set/Reset Current = 0.5A @ 1kHz, Vbridge=5V 50Hz Bandwidth, Vbridge=5V Magnetic signal (lower limit = DC) Sensitivity starts to degrade. Use S/R pulse to restore sensitivity. TA= -40 to 125C, Vbridge=5V TA= -40 to 125C, Ibridge=5mA TA= -40 to 125C, No Set/Reset TA= -40 to 125C, With Set/Reset Vbridge=5V, TA= -40 to 125C Cross field = 1 gauss, Happlied = 1 gauss No perming effect on zero reading TA= -40 to 125C (HMC1052 Only) Sensitive direction in X and Y sensors (HMC1052) 95 100 2100 20 -3000 -2700 -600 500 10 2500 9 10000 105 0.01 2900 -2400 -1.25 0.8 -6 0.1 0.5 1.8 0.06 0.1 0.5 1.0 50 120 5 +1.25 1.2 1.8 800 -40 -55 3.0 1000 20 1500 125 150 85 +6 Volts ohms C C % gauss %FS %FS %FS mV/V mV/V/gauss nV/sqrt Hz gauss MHz gauss ppm/C ppm/C ppm/C %FS gauss % degree Conditions* Min Typ Max Units
Hysteresis Error Repeatability Error Bridge Offset Sensitivity Noise Density Resolution Bandwidth Disturbing Field Sensitivity Tempco Bridge Offset Tempco Bridge Ohmic Tempco Cross-Axis Effect Max. Exposed Field Sensitivity Ratio of X,Y Sensors X,Y sensor Orthogonality Set/Reset Strap Resistance Current Resistance Tempco Offset Straps Resistance Offset Constant
Measured from S/R+ to S/R0.1% duty cycle, or less, 2 sec current pulse TA= -40 to 125C Measured from OFFSET+ to OFFSETDC Current Field applied in sensitive direction
3 0.4 3300 12
4.5 0.5 3700 15 10
6 4 4100 18
ohms Amp ppm/C ohms mA/gauss
Resistance Tempco TA= -40 to 125C * Tested at 25C except stated otherwise. 2
3500
3900
4300
ppm/C
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
(Arrow indicates direction of applied field that generates a positive output voltage after a SET pulse.) HMC1051Z
Vcc (3)
HMC1051Z Pinout
HONEYWELL HMC1051Z
BRIDGE B
HMC1051
BRIDGE A
12345678
Vo+(A) (2)
GND Plane (4)
Vo-(A) (8)
GND1(B) GND2(B) (1) (5)
Set/Reset Strap S/R+ (6) S/R(7)
HMC1051ZL HMC1051ZL Pinout
8 VB
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 VO+ OFF+ GND VO- S/R- S/R+ OFF-
HMC1052L Pinout HMC1052L
BOTTOM VIEW
NC OUT(B) S/RNC
9
10
11
12
S/R+ GND2 (B) OFFNC
8 7 6 5
B
13 14 A 15 16
GND1 (A) OUT(A) GND1 (B) OUT+ (B)
4
VB
3
2
1
OUT+ OFF+ GND2 (A) (A)
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
HMC1053 HMC1053 Pinout
PACKAGE OUTLINES
PACKAGE DRAWING HMC1051Z (8-PIN SIP)
Symbol A A1 B D E e H h Millimeters Min Max 1.371 1.728 0.101 0.249 0.355 0.483 9.829 11.253 3.810 3.988 1.270 ref 6.850 7.300 0.381 0.762 Inches x 10E-3 Min Max 54 68 4 10 14 19 387 443 150 157 50 ref 270 287 15 30
PACKAGE DRAWING HMC1051ZL (8-PIN IN-LINE LCC)
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
PACKAGE DRAWING HMC1052L (16-PIN LCC)
Symbol A A1 A3 b D D2 E E2 e L N ND NE r aaa bbb ccc min 0.80 0
Millimeters
max 1.00 0.05
0.20 REF
0.18 3.00 BSC 1.55 3.00 BSC 1.55 0.50 BSC 0.30 16 4 4 B(min)/2 0.15 0.10 0.10
0.30 1.80 1.80 0.50
PACKAGE DRAWING HMC1053 (16-PIN LCC)
STENCIL DESIGN AND SOLDER PASTE
A 4 mil stencil and 100% paste coverage is recommended for the electrical contact pads.
REFLOW AND REWORK
The HMC1051ZL and HMC1053 parts should reference application note AN-216. The other part types have no special profile required and compatible with lead eutectic and lead-free solder paste reflow profiles up to 220C. Honeywell recommends the adherence to solder paste manufacturer's guidelines. The HMC105X parts may be reworked with www.honeywell.com 5
HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
soldering irons, but extreme care must be taken not to overheat the copper pads from the part's fiberglass substrate. Irons with a tip temperature no greater than 315C should be used. Excessive rework risks the copper pads pulling away into the molten solder.
DEVICE OPERATION
The Honeywell HMC105X family of magnetoresistive sensors are Wheatstone bridge devices to measure magnetic fields. With power supply applied to a bridge, the sensor converts any incident magnetic field in the sensitive axis direction to a differential voltage output. In addition to the bridge circuit, the sensor has two on-chip magnetically coupled straps; the offset strap and the set/reset strap. These straps are Honeywell patented features for incident field adjustment and magnetic domain alignment; and eliminate the need for external coils positioned around the sensors. The magnetoresistive sensors are made of a nickel-iron (Permalloy) thin-film deposited on a silicon wafer and patterned as a resistive strip element. In the presence of a magnetic field, a change in the bridge resistive elements causes a corresponding change in voltage across the bridge outputs. These resistive elements are aligned together to have a common sensitive axis (indicated by arrows on the pinouts) that will provide positive voltage change with magnetic fields increasing in the sensitive direction. Because the output only is in proportion to the one-dimensional axis (the principle of anisotropy) and its magnitude, additional sensor bridges placed at orthogonal directions permit accurate measurement of arbitrary field direction. The combination of sensor bridges in two and three orthogonal axis permit applications such as compassing and magnetometry. The offset strap allows for several modes of operation when a direct current is driven through it. These modes are: 1) Subtraction (bucking) of an unwanted external magnetic field, 2) null-ing of the bridge offset voltage, 3) Closed loop field cancellation, and 4) Auto-calibration of bridge gain. The set/reset strap can be pulsed with high currents for the following benefits: 1) Enable the sensor to perform high sensitivity measurements, 2) Flip the polarity of the bridge output voltage, and 3) Periodically used to improve linearity, lower cross-axis effects, and temperature effects.
NOISE CHARACTERISTICS
The noise density for the HMR105X series is around 50nV/sqrt Hz at the 1 Hz corner, and quickly drops below 10nV/sqrt Hz at 5Hz and begins to fit the Johnson Noise value at just below 5nV/sqrt Hz beyond 50Hz. The 10Hz noise voltage averages around 1.4 micro-volts with a 0.8 micro-volts standard deviation.
CROSS-AXIS EFFECT
Cross-Axis effect for the HMR105X series is typically specified at 3% of full scale to 1 gauss. See application note AN215 regarding this effect and methods for nulling.
OFFSET STRAP
The offset strap is a spiral of metalization that couples in the sensor element's sensitive axis. In two-axis designs, the strap is common to both bridges and must be multiplexed if each bridge requires a different strap current. In three-axis designs, the A and B bridges are together with the C bridge sharing a common node for series driving all three bridges' offset straps. Each offset strap measures nominally 15 ohms, and requires 10mA for each gauss of induced field. The straps will easily handle currents to buck or boost fields through the 6 gauss linear measurement range, but designers should note the extreme thermal heating on the die when doing so. With most applications, the offset strap is not utilized and can be ignored. Designers can leave one or both strap connections (Off- and Off+) open circuited, or ground one connection node. Do not tie both strap connections together to avoid shorted turn magnetic circuits.
SET/RESET STRAP
The set/reset strap is another spiral of metalization that couples to the sensor elements easy axis (perpendicular to the sensitive axis on the sensor die). Like the offset strap, the set/reset strap runs through a pair of bridge elements to keep the overall die size compact. Each set/reset strap has a nominal resistance of 3 to 6 ohms with a minimum required peak 6 www.honeywell.com
HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
current of 400mA for reset or set pulses. With rare exception, the set/reset strap must be used to periodically condition the magnetic domains of the magneto-resistive elements for best and reliable performance. A set pulse is defined as a positive pulse current entering the S/R+ strap connection. The successful result would be the magnetic domains aligned in a forward easy-axis direction so that the sensor bridge's polarity is a positive slope with positive fields on the sensitive axis result in positive voltages across the bridge output connections. A reset pulse is defined as a negative pulse current entering the S/R+ strap connection. The successful result would be the magnetic domains aligned in a reverse easy-axis direction so that sensor bridge's polarity is a negative slope with positive fields on the sensitive axis result in negative voltages across the bridge output connections. Typically a reset pulse is sent first, followed by a set pulse a few milliseconds later. By shoving the magnetic domains in completely opposite directions, any prior magnetic disturbances are likely to be completely erased by the duet of pulses. For simpler circuits with less critical requirements for noise and accuracy, a single polarity pulse circuit may be employed (all sets or all resets). With these uni-polar pulses, several pulses together become close in performance to a set/reset pulse circuit. Figure 1 shows a quick and dirty manual pulse circuit for uni-polar application of pulses to the set/reset strap.
Iset 5 volts
APPLICATION NOTES
Low Cost 2-Axis Compass
Figure 1 Set Pulse Circuit
Very high precision measurements can be made using the HMC105X family of sensors when interfaced with low noise amplifiers and 12 to 16-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters. For lower resolution (3 accuracy or more) or low cost compass applications, 8 or 10-bit A/D converters may be used with general purpose operational amplifiers. Figure 2 shows a typical 2-axis compassing application using readily available off-the-shelf components. The basic principle of two-axis compassing is to orient the two sensor bridge elements horizontal to the ground (perpendicular to the gravitational field) and to measure the resulting X and Y analog output voltages. With the amplified sensor bridge voltages near-simultaneously converted (measured) to their digital equivalents, the arc-tangent Y/X can be computed to derive the heading information relative to the X-axis sensitive direction. See the application notes on compassing at Honeywell Magnetic Sensors website (www.magneticsensors.com) for basic principles and detailed application information.
U1
Vcc
2.5 to 3.6v
1nf
500k
5.00k
LMV358
5.00k 500k Vref/2 HMC1052 1nf 500k 1
U3
enable
MAX1118
U2
data_out clk_in
0
5.00k
LMV358
Vref
5.00k 500k Vref/2 set/reset .1uf
U4
set/reset (2) IRF7509
Figure 2 Two-Axis Compass
offset
U5
_set/reset
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
Set/Reset Circuit Notes The above set/reset circuit in Figure 1using the IRF7507 dual complementary MOSFETs is shown in detail by Figure 2 in its H-bridge driven configuration. This configuration is used primarily in battery operated applications were the 500mA nominal set/reset pulsed currents can be best obtained under low voltage conditions. The 200-ohm resistor trickle charges the 1uf supply reservoir capacitor to the Vcc level, and isolates the battery from the high current action of the capacitors and MOSFET switches. Under conventional logic states one totem pole switch holds one node of the 0.1uf capacitor low, while the other switch charges Vcc into the capacitors opposite node. At the first logic change, the capacitor exhibits almost a twice Vcc flip of polarity, giving the series set/reset strap load plenty of pulse current. A restoring logic state flip uses the 0.1uf capacitors stored energy to create a second nearly equal but opposite polarity current pulse through the set/reset strap.
Vsr 1f + S IRF7509(P)
200
Vcc
.1 f D D Rset/reset S 4 G D D G Vsr IRF7509(P) S
G set/reset G
IRF7509(N)
_set/reset
S
IRF7509(N)
Figure 3 H-Bridge Driver
For operation at normal 3.3 or 5-volt logic levels, a single complementary MOSFET pair can be used in a single ended circuit shown in Figure 4. Other complementary MOSFET pairs can be used with the caution that the chosen devices should have less than 0.5 ohms ON resistance and be able to handle the needed supply voltages and set/reset currents. Note that even a 1Hz rate of set/reset function draws an average current of less than 2 microamperes. Vsr
200
Magnetic Field Detection
1f
Vcc
+ S IRF7509(P)
For simple magnetic field sensing applications such G .1 f Magnetic Anomaly Detectors (MADs) and Magnetometers, D a similar circuit to the compass application can be set/reset D implemented using one, two, or three magnetic sensors. In G the example circuit in Figure 5, a HMC1051Z sensor bridge Rset/reset is used with a low voltage capable dual op-amp to detect S sufficient intensity of a magnetic field in a single direction. 4 IRF7509(N) Uses of the circuit include ferrous object detection such as vehicle detection, a "sniffer" for currents in nearby Figure 4 conductors, and magnetic proximity switching. By using two Single-Ended Driver or three sensor circuits with HMC1051, HMC1052, or HMC1053 parts, a more omni-directional sensing pattern can be implemented. There is nothing special in choosing the resistors for the differential op-amp gain stages other than having like values (e.g. the two 5k and the 500k resistors) matched at 1% tolerance or better to reject common-mode interference signals (EMI, RFI). The ratio of the 500k /5k resistors sets the stage gain and can be optimized for a specific purpose. Typical gain ratios for compass and magnetometer circuits using the HMC105X family, range from 50 to 500. The choice of the 5k value sets impedance loading seen by the sensor bridge network and should be about 4 kiloohms or higher for best voltage transfer or matching. Note that Figure 5 also shows an alternative set/reset strap driver circuit using two darlington complentary paired BJTs as electronic switches.
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
U1
Vcc
5.0v
.1 f
500k
Vcc 10k pot Threshold Set
5.00k 5.00k 500k
+
TLC072
U2
Vcc/2 +
TLC072
output LED
HMC1051 10k Vcc * Low ESR Tantalum 1 f* -+ FMMT717 set/reset .1uf set/reset FMMT617 offset 10k 0.1 f S R 10k 0.1 f 200
RLED
Figure 5 Magnetic Field Detector Alternating or Direct Current Sensing The HMC105X family sensors can be utilized in a novel way for moderate to high current sensing applications using a nearby external conductor providing the sensed magnetic field to the bridge. Figure 6 shows a HMC1051Z used as a current sensor with thermistor element performing a temperature compensation function for greater accuracy over a wide range of operational temperatures. Selection of the temperature compensation (tempco) resistors used depends on the thermistor chosen and is dependant on the thermistor's %/C shift of resistance. For best op-amp compatibility, the thermistor resistance should be above about 1000 ohms. The use of a 9-volt alkaline battery supply is not critical to this application, but permits fairly common operational amplifiers such as the 4558 types to be used. Note that the circuit must be calibrated based on the final displacement of the sensed conductor to the measuring bridge. Typically, an optimally oriented measurement conductor can be placed about one centimeter away from the bridge and have reasonable capability of measuring from tens of milliamperes to beyond 20 amperes of alternating or direct currents. See application note AN-209 for the basic principles of current sensing using AMR bridges.
standoff distance Rb
tempco network
Ra
Vcc = 9Vdc
U1
.1 f 500k + 500k Vcc/2 ~ +4.5Vdc HMC1051 Vcc =9Vdc * Low ESR Tantalum 1 f* 200
RC4558
Rth
5.00k 5.00k
RC4458
+
output
U2
Figure 6 Current Sensor
Iac Idc
set/reset .1uf
-+
set/reset Si1553DL
offset
U3
Conductor to be Current Measured
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
Three Axis Compassing with Tilt Compensation For full three-axis compassing, the circuit depicted in Figure 7 shows both a HMC1051 and a HMC1052 used for sensing the magnetic field in three axes. Alternatively a single HMC1053 could be used for a single sensor package design. A two-axis accelerometer with digital (PWM) outputs is also shown to provide pitch and roll (tilt) sensing, to correct the three-axis magnetic sensors outputs into to the tilt-compensated two-axis heading. The accelerometer can be substituted with a fluidic 2-axis tilt sensor if desired. For lower voltage operation with Lithium battery supplies (2.5 to 3.6Vdc), the Set/Reset circuit should be upgraded from a single IRF7507 to the dual IRF7507 implementation (per Figure 2) to permit a minimum 1-ampere pulse (500mA per set/reset strap resistance) to both the HMC1052 and HMC1051 sensors.
U1
Vcc
3.3 to 5.0v
1nf
500k Vcc
5.00k
LMV324
AN0 AN1
5.00k 500k Vcc/2 HMC1052 1nf 500k
U3
Vcc/2
AN2 AN3
set/reset DO0
5.00k
LMV324
U6
5.00k 500k Vcc/2 set/reset .1uf
C
with Multiplexed A/D Conv.
Vcc
U4
IRF7509
offset
U5
set/reset Two-axis accelerometer
Vcc
.1 f
500k
U2
5.00k 5.00k 500k Vcc/2 HMC1051 + yout DI1
LMV324
xout
DI0
Figure 7 Three Axis Compass
Duty Cycling for Lower Energy Consumption For battery powered and other applications needing limited energy consumption, the sensor bridge and support electronics can be switched "off" between magnetic field measurements. The HMC105X family of magnetic sensors are very low capacitance (Bandwidth > 5MHz) sensor bridges and can stabilize quickly, typically before the support electronics can. Other energy saving ideas would be to minimize the quantity of set/reset pulses which saves energy over the battery life. Figure 8 shows a simple supply switching circuit that can be microprocessor controlled to duty cycle (toggle) the electronics in moderate current (<25mA) applications.
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HMC1051/HMC1052/HMC1053
Vcc MMBT2907ALT1 To Sensor Circuits 0.01 f + 10 f Vcc Gnd
* Used when Vcc = 5.0 volts, jumper when using Vcc = 3.3 volts or less.
C
*MMBD7001LT1 Off On toggle
Figure 8 Duty Cycling
10k
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number HMC1051Z HMC1051ZL HMC1052L HMC1052L-TR HMC1053 Package Style One Axis Magnetic Sensor - SIP8 One Axis Magnetic Sensor - 8-PIN IN-LINE LCC Two Axis Magnetic Sensors - 16-PIN LCC 3,000 units/reel Three Axis Magnetic Sensors - 16-PIN LCC
FIND OUT MORE
For more information on Honeywell's Magnetic Sensors visit us online at www.magneticsensors.com or contact us at 800-323-8295 (763-954-2474 internationally).
The application circuits herein constitute typical usage and interface of Honeywell product. Honeywell does not warranty or assume liability of customerdesigned circuits derived from this description or depiction. Honeywell reserves the right to make changes to improve reliability, function or design. Honeywell does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. U.S. Patents 4,441,072, 4,533,872, 4,569,742, 4,681,812, 4,847,584 and 6,529,114 apply to the technology described
Honeywell 12001 Highway 55 Plymouth, MN 55441 Tel: 800-323-8295 www.honeywell.com www.honeywell.com/magneticsensors
Form #900308 Rev B December 2006 (c)2009 Honeywell International Inc.
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